See foðjō on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "fodiō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*bʰódʰh₂ey<ety:der<*bʰedʰh₂->>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰedʰh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰódʰh₂ey\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*foðjō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"itc-pro\" data-title=\"*foðjō\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰódʰh₂ey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂ey",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂ey, from the root *bʰedʰh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foðjō first-singular present indicative",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-conj-3rd-IO",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjōr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðizo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðitor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðimos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foðimor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foðites",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðiont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēzo?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjētor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēmos?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēmor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjētes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēmanoi?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēnt?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēntor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāzo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjād",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjātor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāmor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjātes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāmanoi?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjānd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāntor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foði",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðizo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðitōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fossos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fossum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "fossūd?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "fossou?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "foðizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"s-derivative"
]
},
{
"form": "The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "the etymology of these formations is disputed",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Excluding the supine",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "the reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Fortson (2017)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Weiss (2009)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Schrijver (2003)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "De Vaan (2008)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "and De Vaan (2011). In the supine",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "the slash separates the possible pre-forms depending upon the whether the Latin tū-formation derives from an old ablative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "dative.",
"source": "inflection"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "verb",
"gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": ""
},
"expansion": "*foðjō first-singular present indicative",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "foð",
"2": "",
"3": "foss"
},
"name": "itc-conj-3rd-IO"
},
{
"args": {
"aor_indc_1pl": "",
"aor_indc_1sg": "",
"aor_indc_2pl": "",
"aor_indc_2sg": "",
"aor_indc_3pl": "",
"aor_indc_3sg": "",
"desc": "third conjugation jō-variant",
"futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*foðitōd",
"note": "The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.\nExcluding the supine, the reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017), Fortson (2017), Weiss (2009), and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991), Schrijver (2003), De Vaan (2008), and De Vaan (2011). In the supine, the slash separates the possible pre-forms depending upon the whether the Latin tū-formation derives from an old ablative or dative.",
"past_pasv_ptcp": "*fossos",
"perf_indc_1pl": "",
"perf_indc_1sg": "",
"perf_indc_2pl": "",
"perf_indc_2sg": "",
"perf_indc_3pl": "",
"perf_indc_3sg": "",
"pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*foðite",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*foði",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*foðimos / *foðimos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*foðjō / *foðimi",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*foðites / *foðites",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*foðis / *foðisi",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*foðjont / *foðiont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*foðit / *foðiti",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*foðjām",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*foðjātes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*foðjās",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*foðjānd",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*foðjād",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmos?",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*foðjētes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēs",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēnt?",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*foðjēd",
"pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*foðimor",
"pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*foðjōr",
"pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*foðjontor",
"pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*foðitor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1sg": "*foðjār",
"pres_pasv_opt_2pl": "*foðjāmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_opt_2sg": "*foðjāzo",
"pres_pasv_opt_3pl": "*foðjāntor",
"pres_pasv_opt_3sg": "*foðjātor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*foðjēmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēzo?",
"pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēntor",
"pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*foðjētor",
"s_vn": "*foðizi",
"tu_vn": "*fossum",
"tu_vn2": "*fossūd? /\n*fossou?",
"type": ""
},
"name": "itc-conj-base"
},
{
"args": {
"aor_indc_1pl": "",
"aor_indc_1sg": "",
"aor_indc_2pl": "",
"aor_indc_2sg": "",
"aor_indc_3pl": "",
"aor_indc_3sg": "",
"desc": "third conjugation jō-variant",
"futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*foðitōd",
"note": "The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.\nExcluding the supine, the reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017), Fortson (2017), Weiss (2009), and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991), Schrijver (2003), De Vaan (2008), and De Vaan (2011). In the supine, the slash separates the possible pre-forms depending upon the whether the Latin tū-formation derives from an old ablative or dative.",
"past_pasv_ptcp": "*fossos",
"perf_indc_1pl": "",
"perf_indc_1sg": "",
"perf_indc_2pl": "",
"perf_indc_2sg": "",
"perf_indc_3pl": "",
"perf_indc_3sg": "",
"pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*foði",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*foðite",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*foðimos / *foðimos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*foðjō / *foðimi",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*foðites / *foðites",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*foðis / *foðisi",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*foðjont / *foðiont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*foðit / *foðiti",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*foðjām",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*foðjātes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*foðjās",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*foðjānd",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*foðjād",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmos?",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*foðjētes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēs",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēnt?",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*foðjēd",
"pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*foðimor",
"pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*foðjōr",
"pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*foðjontor",
"pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*foðitor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1sg": "*foðjār",
"pres_pasv_opt_2pl": "*foðjāmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_opt_2sg": "*foðjāzo",
"pres_pasv_opt_3pl": "*foðjāntor",
"pres_pasv_opt_3sg": "*foðjātor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*foðjēmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēzo?",
"pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēntor",
"pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*foðjētor",
"s_vn": "*foðizi",
"tu_vn": "*fossum",
"tu_vn2": "*fossūd? /\n*fossou?"
},
"name": "Template:itc-conj-base/core"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/foðjō",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pierce"
],
"id": "en-foðjō-itc-pro-verb-ezKmEwZC",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"id": "en-foðjō-itc-pro-verb-Dmbqc2e4",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "foðjō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Italic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰedʰh₂-",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic third conjugation verbs",
"Proto-Italic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "fodiō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*bʰódʰh₂ey<ety:der<*bʰedʰh₂->>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰedʰh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰódʰh₂ey\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*foðjō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"itc-pro\" data-title=\"*foðjō\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰódʰh₂ey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂ey",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂ey, from the root *bʰedʰh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foðjō first-singular present indicative",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-conj-3rd-IO",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjōr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðizo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðitor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðimos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foðimor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foðites",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðiont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēzo?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjētor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēmos?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēmor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjētes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēmanoi?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēnt?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjēntor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāzo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjād",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjātor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāmor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjātes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāmanoi?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjānd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðjāntor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foði",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðizo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foðite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foðitōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fossos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fossum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "fossūd?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "fossou?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "foðizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"s-derivative"
]
},
{
"form": "The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "the etymology of these formations is disputed",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Excluding the supine",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "the reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Fortson (2017)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Weiss (2009)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Schrijver (2003)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "De Vaan (2008)",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "and De Vaan (2011). In the supine",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "the slash separates the possible pre-forms depending upon the whether the Latin tū-formation derives from an old ablative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "dative.",
"source": "inflection"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "verb",
"gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": ""
},
"expansion": "*foðjō first-singular present indicative",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "foð",
"2": "",
"3": "foss"
},
"name": "itc-conj-3rd-IO"
},
{
"args": {
"aor_indc_1pl": "",
"aor_indc_1sg": "",
"aor_indc_2pl": "",
"aor_indc_2sg": "",
"aor_indc_3pl": "",
"aor_indc_3sg": "",
"desc": "third conjugation jō-variant",
"futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*foðitōd",
"note": "The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.\nExcluding the supine, the reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017), Fortson (2017), Weiss (2009), and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991), Schrijver (2003), De Vaan (2008), and De Vaan (2011). In the supine, the slash separates the possible pre-forms depending upon the whether the Latin tū-formation derives from an old ablative or dative.",
"past_pasv_ptcp": "*fossos",
"perf_indc_1pl": "",
"perf_indc_1sg": "",
"perf_indc_2pl": "",
"perf_indc_2sg": "",
"perf_indc_3pl": "",
"perf_indc_3sg": "",
"pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*foðite",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*foði",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*foðimos / *foðimos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*foðjō / *foðimi",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*foðites / *foðites",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*foðis / *foðisi",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*foðjont / *foðiont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*foðit / *foðiti",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*foðjām",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*foðjātes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*foðjās",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*foðjānd",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*foðjād",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmos?",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*foðjētes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēs",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēnt?",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*foðjēd",
"pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*foðimor",
"pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*foðjōr",
"pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*foðjontor",
"pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*foðitor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1sg": "*foðjār",
"pres_pasv_opt_2pl": "*foðjāmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_opt_2sg": "*foðjāzo",
"pres_pasv_opt_3pl": "*foðjāntor",
"pres_pasv_opt_3sg": "*foðjātor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*foðjēmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēzo?",
"pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēntor",
"pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*foðjētor",
"s_vn": "*foðizi",
"tu_vn": "*fossum",
"tu_vn2": "*fossūd? /\n*fossou?",
"type": ""
},
"name": "itc-conj-base"
},
{
"args": {
"aor_indc_1pl": "",
"aor_indc_1sg": "",
"aor_indc_2pl": "",
"aor_indc_2sg": "",
"aor_indc_3pl": "",
"aor_indc_3sg": "",
"desc": "third conjugation jō-variant",
"futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*foðitōd",
"note": "The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.\nExcluding the supine, the reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017), Fortson (2017), Weiss (2009), and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991), Schrijver (2003), De Vaan (2008), and De Vaan (2011). In the supine, the slash separates the possible pre-forms depending upon the whether the Latin tū-formation derives from an old ablative or dative.",
"past_pasv_ptcp": "*fossos",
"perf_indc_1pl": "",
"perf_indc_1sg": "",
"perf_indc_2pl": "",
"perf_indc_2sg": "",
"perf_indc_3pl": "",
"perf_indc_3sg": "",
"pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*foði",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*foðite",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*foðimos / *foðimos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*foðjō / *foðimi",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*foðites / *foðites",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*foðis / *foðisi",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*foðjont / *foðiont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*foðit / *foðiti",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*foðjām",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*foðjātes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*foðjās",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*foðjānd",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*foðjād",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmos?",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*foðjētes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēs",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēnt?",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*foðjēd",
"pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*foðimor",
"pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*foðjōr",
"pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*foðizo",
"pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*foðjontor",
"pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*foðitor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1pl": "*foðjāmor",
"pres_pasv_opt_1sg": "*foðjār",
"pres_pasv_opt_2pl": "*foðjāmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_opt_2sg": "*foðjāzo",
"pres_pasv_opt_3pl": "*foðjāntor",
"pres_pasv_opt_3sg": "*foðjātor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*foðjēmor",
"pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*foðjēmanoi?",
"pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*foðjēzo?",
"pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*foðjēntor",
"pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*foðjētor",
"s_vn": "*foðizi",
"tu_vn": "*fossum",
"tu_vn2": "*fossūd? /\n*fossou?"
},
"name": "Template:itc-conj-base/core"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/foðjō",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pierce"
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "foðjō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foðjō meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.